A Mitsubishi Outlander steering wheel with integrated controls presented in a detailed, close-up format.

Navigating the Market for Mitsubishi Outlander Steering Wheel W Switches 2017-2020 OEM 4400A706XA

For business owners in the automotive and aftermarket parts sectors, understanding the availability, pricing, and maintenance of specific parts is crucial. The Mitsubishi Outlander Steering Wheel W Switches OEM 4400A706XA for models from 2017 to 2020 is a relevant example as it blends quality with functionality in vehicle control. This article outlines not only the availability and pricing of this specific steering wheel but also conducts a comparative analysis with other models, and delves into maintenance and replacement considerations. Each chapter builds a comprehensive understanding that aids business decisions in procurement and sales.

Steering Toward Availability: The OEM 4400A706XA Outlander Steering Wheel with Switches in 2017–2020, Its Market Footprint, and What It Means for Repairs

Availability and pricing details for the Mitsubishi Outlander steering wheel with control switches.
When a driver starts a project to restore or upgrade a Mitsubishi Outlander, the steering wheel often seems like a straightforward swap. Push two pins, thread the airbag module, and you’re back in business. Yet the steering wheel that houses the control switches for audio, cruise, and other functions—specifically the OEM wheel designated 4400A706XA for the 2017 through 2020 Outlander—presents a web of availability, compatibility, and price that stretches beyond a simple online purchase. The component is not just a cosmetic upgrade; it is a conduit for safety systems, an interface for driver interaction, and, in today’s second-hand market, a piece whose value fluctuates with the odds of compatibility and the realities of supply chains that stretch across continents and currencies. In this chapter, availability and pricing form the spine of a broader narrative about balancing OEM integrity with practical repair decisions, especially as owners consider used or reconditioned parts from online marketplaces. The specific wheel, known to aficionados by its part number 4400A706XA, surfaces in multiple listings with varying assertions about years, models, and even the window of compatibility. A recent snapshot in the market shows this OEM wheel offered on popular resale platforms as a pre-owned item described as “good, clean, tested and install-ready,” with a price tag of $88.41. That figure, modest by most standards for a wheel with integrated switches, underscores a broader truth: the white-hot demand for 4400A706XA is often tempered by the realities of used-stock turnover, seller notes about condition, and the perpetual caveat that part numbers and vehicle configurations must align perfectly. In Chinese-language summaries and Western-market listings alike, the same part shows up across a few years, some claiming compatibility with 2016–2020 vehicles, others extending to 2016–2024 or even broader ranges. This is not merely an issue of buyer beware; it is an artifact of how manufacturers design steering systems and how markets repackage those designs in response to demand for cost-effective replacements. The Outlander’s steering wheel with switches—where the left and right control pads allow quick access to audio volume, voice command, cruise control, and other vehicle functions—depends on precise electrical harnesses, clock-spring connections, and, crucially, the correct airbag system interface. The 4400A706XA wheel is inextricably linked to the vehicle’s safety architecture. When a buyer encounters a listing that emphasizes the wheel’s “tested and install-ready” status, it invites trust; yet this trust must be proportional to diligence. The buyer should verify the part number, confirm whether the wheel includes the airbag module, and ensure that the correct wiring harness and clock spring are compatible with the specific Outlander configuration. The puzzle becomes more nuanced when the market references models outside the strict 2017–2020 window. Some listings describe compatibility for 2016–2020 Outlanders, while others extend to 2024. The underlying reason is not a grand conspiracy of obsolescence; it is a function of shared component families across model years and regional variants. The global supply chain treats steering wheels as semi-durable goods with long shelf lives, yet the exact switch layout and the position of the airbag coupler can differ by market. For a buyer, this means that a seemingly identical wheel can require different adapters, a different clock spring, or even a different connector harness. A wholesale pathway to obtain the wheel—through platforms such as Alibaba—appears in the market as a more industrial alternative to consumer-level marketplaces. Alibaba listings, while appealing for bulk purchases or for those who manage fleets or repair shops, typically present the parts in larger quantities or as bulk options. They also tend to emphasize compatibility across a broader range of vehicles, often instructing buyers to verify fitment by model year, trim, and region. The practical takeaway from this landscape is straightforward: do not rely on a single listing or an assumed match. Instead, create a cross-check routine that includes the exact Outlander model year, the trim level (whether it is the standard model or Outlander Sport variants, if applicable in your region), and a precise confirmation of the steering wheel’s control switch configuration. One of the most immediate market signals about availability is price stability. The seller’s price, quoted in a widely recognized currency such as USD, must be translated into local currency, especially if the buyer is ordering from abroad. The current $88.41 price for a pre-owned wheel is compelling when judged against new OEM components or alternatives from aftermarket suppliers. However, price alone does not guarantee a smooth swap. The wheel’s condition, the state of the switches, the presence of the airbag, and the integrity of the clock spring are all delicate factors that influence the ultimate repair cost and timeline. It is here that buyers often discover a paradox: a low sticker price may mask higher ancillary costs for installation, calibration, or factory retuning of the airbag system. The situation is further complicated by the fact that many listings emphasize compatibility with broad year ranges. When faced with a claim of 2016–2020 compatibility on one page and 2016–2024 on another, a prudent shopper will triangulate these with the exact Vin or Vehicle Identification Number of their Outlander. The VIN is more than a serial; it is a map of the vehicle’s assembly line, regional configurations, and date-specific components. In practice, a seller’s assertion about compatibility should harmonize with the VIN-based decode and the official service data for the wheel’s part number. If there is any discrepancy, the safest course is to avoid a rushed purchase and instead pursue a wheel that matches every critical datum element: year, model, trim, steering wheel type, control switch layout, airbag compatibility, and the clock-spring interface. The breadth of the market also includes regional distributors and shops that specialize in OEM parts for Mitsubishi. Some platforms present the wheel as a 4400A706XA-compatible option that fits both Outlander and Outlander Sport lines, a promise that, while attractive, should be scrutinized against the vehicle’s interior engineering and the airbag deployment logic. These situations illustrate a broader point about OEM compatibility: many parts are designed to be interchangeable within a family of models, especially when the base architecture—such as the steering column, horn switch assembly, and switch housing—is shared. Yet this interchangeability is rarely uniform in all markets; subtle differences in harness connectors, clock-spring contact arrangements, and airbag modules can convert a seemingly perfect match into a compatibility nightmare. The prudent path is a combination of diligence and patience. Diligence means carefully comparing the 4400A706XA to the wheel found in your specific Outlander; notes about the wheel’s diameter, the number of spokes, and the exact arrangement of the control buttons matter. Patience means allowing time for due diligence, including cross-referencing multiple listings, asking for clear photos of the part number stamp, and requesting confirmation of the wheel’s condition and the presence of the airbag. In addition to the direct listings on resale platforms, the market’s chatter often points buyers toward wholesale channels where parts are sold in larger quantities to repair shops. Alibaba’s catalogues provide a glimpse into a broader ecosystem where the 4400A706XA-coded steering wheel could be bundled with other steering-system components. The wholesale model is attractive for repair enterprises that require speed and continuity in supply, especially when working on fleets or multiple Outlanders that require common replacements. For the individual owner, though, wholesale terms require a careful cost-benefit assessment: bulk pricing, minimum order quantities, and logistical arrangements can overshadow the allure of a low per-unit price. Across all of these dynamics, the central thread remains clear: the value of an OEM wheel is anchored not in the price alone, but in the symphony of fitment accuracy, functional integrity, and the ease with which a professional can install and certify the swapped component. The practical steps of verification begin long before the wheel arrives at a repair shop. First, extract the precise part number and confirm it indeed reads 4400A706XA. Second, confirm the wheel’s year-range claims by cross-checking a service bulletin or a parts catalog with your vehicle’s year and trim. Third, verify whether the wheel includes a functional airbag assembly or if the airbag module is a separate unit that must be transferred from the old wheel. Fourth, inspect the clock spring’s condition; a worn clock spring can cause misalignment of switch signals or even failure to register steering-wheel controls, creating a downshift in the wheel’s usability rather than a true repair. The inspection should continue with the switches themselves: diplay tests for audio, cruise control, and voice commands, ensuring that the left and right sides of the wheel are fully functional after installation. If any switch fails to respond or feels loose, it’s a signal that either the wheel is not a perfect match or the connectors require harness-specific adapters. In short, the road from seller listing to a reliable, road-worthy replacement is not a straight line; it is a circuit that passes through careful specification, professional assessment, and, when necessary, a candid recalibration of expectations about the repair timeline and the total project cost. For readers who are also thinking about the broader ecosystem of Outlander parts, a tangential but useful entry point is to explore related replacement pages for other front-end components that share market dynamics with the steering wheel. The same marketplace that carries OEM wheels at modest price points also houses front-end parts like bumpers, grilles, and mounting hardware that might be required to complete a restoration or upgrade. A concrete example is a front bumper page that often appears among Outlander parts listings. For context on related replacement parts and to explore cross-category compatibility with Outlander models, you can visit the following Outlander front-end parts page: front-bumper-mitsubishi-outlander-19/. This internal link, while not a direct substitute for the steering wheel, helps illustrate how the Outlander’s maintenance and repair ecosystem is interconnected, and it underscores the importance of confirming exact fitment across components when planning a broader repair or upgrade.

In this landscape, the 4400A706XA steering wheel with integrated switches remains a focal point for discussions about authenticity, availability, and value. The price point of roughly $88.41 on an item described as pre-owned and tested becomes meaningful when framed against other OEM options that may carry higher price tags but promise a more certain compatibility with a given Outlander’s configuration. It also invites a deeper look at the timing of acquisitions. A wheel that has sat in a listing for months may reflect low demand, but it could also indicate a seller’s willingness to negotiate, or a seller’s uncertainty about the part’s precise country of origin or trim compatibility. Conversely, a wheel that disappears from a listing within a short window could reflect a fast-moving market where the item is snapped up by a shop or an individual who expects to install, test, and certify the wheel quickly. The economics of this market—low price, variable stock, and the critical caveat of fitment—mean that buyers should approach purchases with a structured due-diligence plan. Start by validating the part number. Then verify the wheel’s physical condition and whether it includes the airbag module. Next, compare the wheel’s switch layout to the original wheel to ensure there is a one-to-one mapping of functions. Finally, lock in a seller who can provide clear photos, confirm the item’s compatibility with your specific Outlander model year, and guarantee the return policy if the part proves incompatible after delivery. This structured approach reduces the risk of ending up with a wheel that looks similar but functions differently, or with a wheel that cannot be installed without additional adapters or recalibration. It also helps buyers weigh whether a pre-owned wheel from a marketplace is a better value proposition than pursuing a new OEM wheel, which may come with a higher price but a more straightforward installation and a cleaner service history.

From a narrative perspective, the 4400A706XA wheel’s journey from manufacturing line to a used-market listing embodies a broader truth about modern automotive repair: the convergence of global manufacturing, regional distribution, and the varied expectations of individual owners. The wheel’s life—a continuous arc from new car component to potential repair part—speaks to how modern cars are designed, how the aftermarket markets respond, and how careful mechanics and informed owners navigate the complexities of modern vehicle electronics. The decision to pursue this wheel is not merely a financial calculation; it is an assessment of risk, technical feasibility, and the willingness to manage a repair with the knowledge that the wheel’s compatibility hinges on precise electrical interfaces and safety considerations. In the end, what emerges is a practical guide to a particular OEM component’s lifecycle. Availability in the current market is real but constrained by the wheel’s compatibility puzzle and the conditions around used parts. Pricing remains attractive on the surface, but the true cost of ownership includes the time, verification, and potential professional calibration. For Outlander owners who value OEM integrity and wish to preserve the vehicle’s safety systems, the 4400A706XA wheel represents a legitimate route—provided the due diligence is thorough and the installation is handled by a trusted technician who understands the intricacies of steering-wheel electronics and airbag safety. As with any such purchase, the chapter closes with a quiet reminder: the wheel is more than a ring of metal and plastic; it is the smart interface between driver input and vehicle response, a responsibility that deserves patience, precise verification, and attention to the tiny, often overlooked details that ensure a repair remains safe, functional, and trustworthy on the road ahead.

Behind the Wheel of Compatibility: Decoding the 2017–2020 Mitsubishi Outlander OEM Steering Wheel Switch Assembly (4400A706XA) and Its Quiet Quest for a Perfect Match

Availability and pricing details for the Mitsubishi Outlander steering wheel with control switches.
The steering wheel is more than a decorative crown for a car cockpit. In modern Mitsubishis, the wheel is a compact control center that lets drivers summon cruise control, adjust audio, answer calls, and navigate menu prompts without taking hands from the wheel. When the topic turns to the Outlander from 2017 through 2020, the discussion shifts from simply choosing a wheel to choosing an OEM steering wheel switch assembly that truly fits and functions as the factory intended. The exact part number 4400A706XA identifies an assembly that is meant to sit in a very particular place in a very particular vehicle configuration. Yet aftermarket markets and online listings complicate the decision, as buyers encounter a mix of years, trims, and even similar looking parts that may or may not be electrically compatible. The challenge is not only about physical fit; it is about the quiet, often invisible world of electrical connectors, bus protocols, button layouts, and the subtle differences that separate a seamless integration from a mismatch that disrupts steering wheel functions or, in the worst case, triggers diagnostic codes.

From the outset, the available research points to a broader landscape of Mitsubishi parts that share a familiar logo and a similar silhouette on the vehicle, but with distinct electrical and mechanical footprints. The 2017 to 2020 Outlander line uses a steering wheel with integrated switches that must align with the vehicle’s CAN bus network and its steering column harness. The part in question, the OEM steering wheel switch assembly with the identification 4400A706XA, is positioned as the repository for a cluster of command inputs. These inputs include controls for audio volume, track or station changes, voice prompts, and hands-free calling, along with possible cruise control or adaptive cruise interfaces depending on the exact trims and regional specifications. The placement of the switches, the tactile feel of the buttons, and the arrangement of the horn contact all play into the human factors of operation. But the machine side—namely the connectors, the number of pins, the wire colors, and the microelectronic interface between the wheel and the vehicle—matters just as much as the button layout.

The initial research landscape paints a picture of a marketplace where OEM parts sometimes travel through simple listing narratives. A recent observation notes that a matching wheel assembly for a similar era, specifically the 2016–2020 Outlander Sport, was listed in good, clean, tested condition and was described as ready to install. The listing explicitly advised buyers to verify part numbers before purchase. The price tag for that particular listing hovered around one $88 range, reflecting the market for used, but presumably serviceable, OEM components. While this example helps illuminate what buyers are chasing, it also highlights a critical precaution: OEM part compatibility is not guaranteed by model year alone. The Outlander Sport and the standard Outlander share platforms and some parts, but subtle differences in the steering wheel assembly, including switch matrices and connector housings, can render a seemingly identical part incompatible with another configuration. This is precisely why the validation step remains nonnegotiable and why a cross-check of the part number against the specific vehicle configuration is essential.

The practical questions that arise in the wild marketplace revolve around how to verify a perfect match beyond surface aesthetics. A first step is to confirm the exact part number in your vehicle’s current configuration. The 4400A706XA designation is a starting point, but it is insufficient in isolation. The Outlander from 2017 to 2020 came with variations in trim levels, markets, and optional electronic features. Some markets offer steering wheel switches that include more or fewer buttons, while some versions rely on different internal wiring boards or connector pinouts. The risk of buying a wheel that looks visually identical but carries a different pin count or a slightly different connector geometry is not trivial. In practice, a careful buyer will compare the part’s connectors, measure the distance between mounting points, and scrutinize the wiring harness interface to ensure that the switch assembly can physically and electrically mate with the steering module and the instrument cluster control logic without requiring adapters or custom wiring. The byline of this risk is simple: compatibility is not guaranteed by appearance, and the cost of a mismatch is more than a sunk investment; it can be a barrier to fully restoring factory functionality.

To navigate this landscape with confidence, one must think like a technician who is rebuilding a steering wheel assembly from the inside out. Start with the basics: confirm the model year, confirm the exact trim and regional variant, and pull the VIN from the vehicle to ensure that the wheel belongs to a configuration that could logically share a switch assembly with your car. Then cross-reference the OEM catalog pages if they are accessible. This approach often reveals whether the 4400A706XA switch is associated with a broad family of steering wheels or a narrow, model year specific subset. In the absence of public-facing service documentation in the dataset, the next best step is to consult official manuals and OEM catalogs through authorized channels or dedicated automotive forums where owners share scrutinies of part compatibility. These resources can illuminate differences in electrical schematics, the number of connector pins, and the precise harness layout that must be present in a 2017 to 2020 Outlander.

In the absence of a definitive, easily accessible side-by-side specification, how does a buyer validate a part in hand? The first signal is the physical fit. The steering wheel and its switch cluster must align with the spline, airbag module clearance, and horn contact geometry. The second signal is the electrical fit. The harness connector must mate without modification, and the pinout must match the corresponding vehicle control module. The third signal is the software signal. After installation, the vehicle’s electronic control units should recognize the steering wheel switch functions as well as maintain the expected behavior of the cruise control, audio, and hands-free call systems. It is not enough for the wheel to look the part; it must communicate properly with the vehicle’s inside network. Without thorough testing, the risk of a wheel that looks new but leaves the driver with an unprogrammable control interface is high. The heart of the issue is the subtlety of modern automotive electronics, where the same silhouette on the steering wheel can host a different electrical personality depending on the exact part number, the production run, and the regional specification.

The research narrative indicates a broader ecosystem where shoppers encounter a range of steering wheel components described in terms that imply compatibility but often fall short of the precise mapping between part numbers and vehicle variants. The eBay listing for a 2016–2020 Outlander Sport wheel assembly with integrated control switches, for example, demonstrates that used OEM components circulate in the market. The listing’s emphasis on verifying the part number before purchase underscores a fundamental reality: the appearance of compatibility can mask deeper electrical misalignment. The Alibaba listings likewise speak to a robust wholesale stream for steering and steering-related components; these listings tend to emphasize breadth and price, sometimes at the expense of fine-grained compatibility data. For buyers who are not disassembled in an automotive lab, the risk of ending up with a wheel that nearly fits but does not offer the essential pin-out or bench testable features is nontrivial. In this context, the value of a precise catalog match grows tangible.

The absence of explicit, model-by-model comparative data for the 4400A706XA within the current dataset invites a careful, almost methodical approach to verification. A thorough comparative analysis would likely involve several layers of sources. Official service manuals would reveal the steel skeleton of the steering column, the electronic control integration, and the specific schematics by year and market. OEM catalogs would offer exact part numbers and compatibility charts, sometimes listing cross references that help identify alternative part numbers that share the same electrical footprint. Automotive forums and repair communities often exchange photos of connectors, wire harness colors, and internal module boards. They also provide firsthand testimonies about fitment experiences, which can be surprisingly predictive when paired with catalog data. The takeaway is clear: a comprehensive, defensible determination of compatibility requires triangulating multiple sources rather than relying on a single listing or a casual inspection of features.

In the absence of a prebuilt comparative blueprint, the practical frame becomes an iterative, evidence-based approach. First, confirm the outsized factor that often defines compatibility: the wheel’s electrical interface. If a wheel uses a different number of pins on its main connector or if the shape of the connector housing differs from the vehicle’s harness, the wheel will not plug in correctly, even if the wheel physically mounts. If the wires have a different color-coding scheme or if the control switch functions are rearranged in a way that the beige or colored wires cannot be trivially aligned with the vehicle’s control logic, the result can be a partial operation or a nonfunctional interface. The next layer concerns the firmware. Some steering wheel switch assemblies may be designed to listen for a specific vehicle coding or to request configuration data during initialization. In such cases, a nonconforming unit can be recognized only after installation and starting the vehicle, when the dashboard lights or the steering wheel’s own indicator lamps reveal missing features or error codes. The final layer concerns physical differences that are easy to spot but critical to verify. The airbag module, the horn contact, and even the spoke construction must be compatible with the steering wheel hub and the airbag assembly. If the wheel uses a different horn contact diameter or if the airbag module’s screws align differently, installation could be compromised and safety would be at risk.

All of these considerations loop back to the core thesis of this chapter: the 4400A706XA steering wheel switch assembly is not a generic, one-size-fits-all part for the Outlander family. The model years 2017 to 2020 introduce a set of expectations about how the wheel interfaces with the rest of the car, but those expectations are tempered by the reality that trims, markets, and even production runs can introduce subtle variances. The data at hand is insufficient to draw a confident, model-wide comparison with other models or with later or earlier years. Therefore the prudent path blends careful verification with an appreciation for the marketplace realities. Buyers are well advised to treat the 4400A706XA as a specific-match component whose compatibility hinges on precise alignment of part number, vehicle variant, and connector geometry rather than a broad, cross-model guarantee. This mindset will save time, money, and potential safety concerns when a steering wheel swap is part of the maintenance or restoration plan.

From a consumer perspective, the direction is straightforward: identify your exact vehicle configuration, locate the OEM catalog entry for 4400A706XA, and corroborate that the part’s connectors, switch matrix, and mechanical fit align with your wheel hub and steering column. If possible, obtain the wheel with the original airbag module or ensure a compatible airbag assembly is available, as this element is inseparable from the safety system and the overall functional integrity of the wheel. It is also wise to inspect the wheel for any wear that could impair subtle tactile feedback, such as button responsiveness, the rigidity of the switch housings, and the evenness of the wheel’s rotation under the load of the assembly. Even when the wheel looks pristine, a close inspection of the back of the wheel, the connector, and the wiring harness should be standard practice. The goal is not merely to install a wheel; it is to restore the original, factory-driven user experience that the 2017–2020 Outlander was designed to provide.

In this context the internal link to related Outlander components can be a practical aid. If you are researching the broader ecosystem of Outlander parts, you may come across dedicated resource pages that catalog components across the model’s lifecycle. For instance, a page dedicated to a front-end Outlander component provides a concrete example of how OEM parts are documented and referenced in the wild. This resource can ground your expectations about how the wheel integrates with the rest of the vehicle, and it can serve as a useful cross-reference when you compare the wheel assembly against other parts. See the front-end Outlander resource page here: front-bumper-mitsubishi-outlander-19. While this link focuses on a different component, the underlying principle—clear part identification, model-specific compatibility, and the importance of cross-checking part numbers—applies with equal force to the steering wheel switch assembly. The act of cross-referencing is not a minor step; it is the core method by which modern automotive parts are validated in a marketplace that values quick purchases as much as quality control.

The final takeaway from this exploration is a pragmatic one. When approaching the specific case of the steering wheel with integrated switches for the Outlander from 2017 to 2020, the 4400A706XA designation is a critical clue, not a complete guarantee. The data accessible in the current materials makes a robust, side-by-side comparative analysis with other models impractical. This reality invites a cautious, stepwise validation approach: confirm the exact vehicle configuration via VIN, verify the official part number against OEM catalogs if accessible, and assess the electrical fit by inspecting the connector type, pin count, and wiring harness compatibility. When in doubt, lean on a professional or an experienced technician who can perform a bench test, a harness compatibility check, and, if necessary, a controlled field test under safe conditions. In the end, the art of steering wheel compatibility is a discipline that blends catalog fidelity with hands-on verification, a careful balance between the elegance of OEM design and the realities of a dynamic automotive marketplace. The 2017–2020 Outlander wheel with 4400A706XA stands as a reminder that the quest for a perfect match is as much about disciplined verification as it is about the allure of a pristine, factory-specified solution.

Steering Wheel Switches for the Outlander (2017–2020): Maintenance, Compatibility, and Safe Replacement of OEM 4400A706XA

Availability and pricing details for the Mitsubishi Outlander steering wheel with control switches.
Steering wheel switches in the 2017–2020 Mitsubishi Outlander are a safety critical interface that routes driver input through the CAN bus to the vehicle’s controllers. The OEM 4400A706XA assembly is designed to integrate with the wheel, clock spring, and airbag module; using non OEM or mismatched parts can cause communication errors, mis-timed signals, or airbag issues. Maintenance begins with verifying exact OEM compatibility for your year and trim, and by inspecting and cleaning the multi-pin connectors with the battery disconnected. Replacement should follow proper procedure: disconnect power, remove the airbag and wheel with the correct tooling, replace the clock spring if needed, torque to the manufacturer specifications, and perform a system diagnostic to confirm all functions (audio, cruise, phone, dash readouts) operate correctly. When sourcing parts, demand OEM 4400A706XA with traceability and documented testing; avoid counterfeit or refurbished units without clear validation. A professional service is advised for uncertain cases to preserve safety and ensure proper integration with the vehicle’s CAN network.

Final thoughts

In summary, navigating the market for the Mitsubishi Outlander Steering Wheel W Switches OEM 4400A706XA in models from 2017 to 2020 involves understanding its availability, the competitive landscape, and maintenance requirements. By ensuring a reliable sourcing strategy, businesses can not only meet customer demand but also contribute to the longevity and safety of the vehicles on the road. This knowledge empowers business owners to make informed decisions, enhancing their operational capability and profitability.